Reading time for children: 21 min
A soldier came marching along the high road: „Left, right – left, right.“ He had his knapsack on his back, and a sword at his side. He had been to the wars, and was now returning home. As he walked on, he met a very frightful-looking old witch in the road. Her under-lip hung quite down on her breast, and she stopped and said, „Good evening, soldier. You have a very fine sword, and a large knapsack, and you are a real soldier. So you shall have as much money as ever you like.“
„Thank you, old witch,“ said the soldier.
„Do you see that large tree,“ said the witch, pointing to a tree which stood beside them. „Well, it is quite hollow inside, and you must climb to the top, when you will see a hole, through which you can let yourself down into the tree to a great depth. I will tie a rope round your body, so that I can pull you up again when you call out to me.“
„But what am I to do, down there in the tree?“ asked the soldier.
„Get money,“ she replied; „for you must know that when you reach the ground under the tree, you will find yourself in a large hall, lighted up by three hundred lamps. You will then see three doors, which can be easily opened, for the keys are in all the locks. On entering the first of the chambers, to which these doors lead, you will see a large chest, standing in the middle of the floor, and upon it a dog seated, with a pair of eyes as large as teacups. But you need not be at all afraid of him. I will give you my blue checked apron, which you must spread upon the floor, and then boldly seize hold of the dog, and place him upon it. You can then open the chest, and take from it as many pence as you please, they are only copper pence; but if you would rather have silver money, you must go into the second chamber. Here you will find another dog, with eyes as big as mill-wheels; but do not let that trouble you. Place him upon my apron, and then take what money you please. If, however, you like gold best, enter the third chamber, where there is another chest full of it. The dog who sits on this chest is very dreadful. His eyes are as big as a tower, but do not mind him. If he also is placed upon my apron, he cannot hurt you, and you may take from the chest what gold you will.“
„This is not a bad story,“ said the soldier. „But what am I to give you, you old witch? For, of course, you do not mean to tell me all this for nothing.“
„No,“ said the witch. „But I do not ask for a single penny. Only promise to bring me an old tinder-box, which my grandmother left behind the last time she went down there.“
„Very well. I promise. Now tie the rope round my body.“
„Here it is,“ replied the witch. „And here is my blue checked apron.“
As soon as the rope was tied, the soldier climbed up the tree, and let himself down through the hollow to the ground beneath; and here he found, as the witch had told him, a large hall, in which many hundred lamps were all burning.
Then he opened the first door. „Ah!“ there sat the dog, with the eyes as large as teacups, staring at him.
„You’re a pretty fellow,“ said the soldier, seizing him, and placing him on the witch’s apron, while he filled his pockets from the chest with as many pieces as they would hold. Then he closed the lid, seated the dog upon it again, and walked into another chamber, and, sure enough, there sat the dog with eyes as big as mill-wheels.
„You had better not look at me in that way,“ said the soldier; „you will make your eyes water;“ and then he seated him also upon the apron, and opened the chest. But when he saw what a quantity of silver money it contained, he very quickly threw away all the coppers he had taken, and filled his pockets and his knapsack with nothing but silver. Then he went into the third room, and there the dog was really hideous. His eyes were, truly, as big as towers, and they turned round and round in his head like wheels.
„Good morning,“ said the soldier, touching his cap, for he had never seen such a dog in his life. But after looking at him more closely, he thought he had been civil enough, so he placed him on the floor, and opened the chest. Good gracious, what a quantity of gold there was! enough to buy all the sugar-sticks of the sweet-stuff women; all the tin soldiers, whips, and rocking-horses in the world, or even the whole town itself There was, indeed, an immense quantity. So the soldier now threw away all the silver money he had taken, and filled his pockets and his knapsack with gold instead; and not only his pockets and his knapsack, but even his cap and boots, so that he could scarcely walk. He was really rich now. So he replaced the dog on the chest, closed the door, and called up through the tree: „Now pull me out, you old witch.“
„Have you got the tinder-box?“ asked the witch.
„No. I declare I quite forgot it.“ So he went back and fetched the tinderbox, and then the witch drew him up out of the tree, and he stood again in the high road, with his pockets, his knapsack, his cap, and his boots full of gold.
„What are you going to do with the tinder-box?“ asked the soldier.
„That is nothing to you,“ replied the witch; „you have the money, now give me the tinder-box.“
„I tell you what,“ said the soldier, „if you don’t tell me what you are going to do with it, I will draw my sword and cut off your head.“
„No,“ said the witch.
The soldier immediately cut off her head, and there she lay on the ground. Then he tied up all his money in her apron, and slung it on his back like a bundle, put the tinderbox in his pocket, and walked off to the nearest town.
It was a very nice town, and he put up at the best inn, and ordered a dinner of all his favourite dishes, for now he was rich and had plenty of money.
The servant, who cleaned his boots, thought they certainly were a shabby pair to be worn by such a rich gentleman, for he had not yet bought any new ones. The next day, however, he procured some good clothes and proper boots, so that our soldier soon became known as a fine gentleman, and the people visited him, and told him all the wonders that were to be seen in the town, and of the king’s beautiful daughter, the princess.
„Where can I see her?“ asked the soldier.
„She is not to be seen at all,“ they said; „she lives in a large copper castle, surrounded by walls and towers. No one but the king himself can pass in or out, for there has been a prophecy that she will marry a common soldier, and the king cannot bear to think of such a marriage.“
„I should like very much to see her,“ thought the soldier; but he could not obtain permission to do so.
However, he passed a very pleasant time; went to the theatre, drove in the king’s garden, and gave a great deal of money to the poor, which was very good of him. He remembered what it had been in olden times to be without a shilling. Now he was rich, had fine clothes, and many friends, who all declared he was a fine fellow and a real gentleman, and all this gratified him exceedingly. But his money would not last forever; and as he spent and gave away a great deal daily, and received none, he found himself at last with only two shillings left. So he was obliged to leave his elegant rooms, and live in a little garret under the roof, where he had to clean his own boots, and even mend them with a large needle. None of his friends came to see him, there were too many stairs to mount up.
One dark evening, he had not even a penny to buy a candle. Then all at once he remembered that there was a piece of candle stuck in the tinder-box, which he had brought from the old tree, into which the witch had helped him. He found the tinder-box, but no sooner had he struck a few sparks from the flint and steel, than the door flew open and the dog with eyes as big as teacups, whom he had seen while down in the tree, stood before him, and said, „What orders, master?“
„Hallo,“ said the soldier; „well this is a pleasant tinderbox, if it brings me all I wish for.“ – „Bring me some money,“ said he to the dog. He was gone in a moment, and presently returned, carrying a large bag of coppers in his month.
The soldier very soon discovered after this the value of the tinder-box. If he struck the flint once, the dog who sat on the chest of copper money made his appearance. If twice, the dog came from the chest of silver; and if three times, the dog with eyes like towers, who watched over the gold. The soldier had now plenty of money. He returned to his elegant rooms, and reappeared in his fine clothes, so that his friends knew him again directly, and made as much of him as before.
After a while he began to think it was very strange that no one could get a look at the princess. „Every one says she is very beautiful,“ thought he to himself. „But what is the use of that if she is to be shut up in a copper castle surrounded by so many towers. Can I by any means get to see her. Stop! where is my tinder-box?“ Then he struck a light, and in a moment the dog, with eyes as big as teacups, stood before him.
„It is midnight,“ said the soldier, „yet I should very much like to see the princess, if only for a moment.“
The dog disappeared instantly, and before the soldier could even look round, he returned with the princess. She was lying on the dog’s back asleep, and looked so lovely, that every one who saw her would know she was a real princess. The soldier could not help kissing her, true soldier as he was.
Then the dog ran back with the princess; but in the morning, while at breakfast with the king and queen, she told them what a singular dream she had had during the night, of a dog and a soldier, that she had ridden on the dog’s back, and been kissed by the soldier.
„That is a very pretty story, indeed,“ said the queen.
So the next night one of the old ladies of the court was set to watch by the princess’s bed, to discover whether it really was a dream, or what else it might be.
The soldier longed very much to see the princess once more, so he sent for the dog again in the night to fetch her, and to run with her as fast as ever he could. But the old lady put on water boots, and ran after him as quickly as he did, and found that he carried the princess into a large house. She thought it would help her to remember the place if she made a large cross on the door with a piece of chalk. Then she went home to bed, and the dog presently returned with the princess. But when he saw that a cross had been made on the door of the house, where the soldier lived, he took another piece of chalk and made crosses on all the doors in the town, so that the lady-in-waiting might not be able to find out the right door.
Early the next morning the king and queen accompanied the lady and all the officers of the household, to see where the princess had been.
„Here it is,“ said the king, when they came to the first door with a cross on it.
„No, my dear husband, it must be that one,“ said the queen, pointing to a second door having a cross also.
„And here is one, and there is another!“ they all exclaimed. For there were crosses on all the doors in every direction. So they felt it would be useless to search any farther.
But the queen was a very clever woman. She could do a great deal more than merely ride in a carriage. She took her large gold scissors, cut a piece of silk into squares, and made a neat little bag. This bag she filled with buckwheat flour, and tied it round the princess’s neck; and then she cut a small hole in the bag, so that the flour might be scattered on the ground as the princess went along.
During the night, the dog came again and carried the princess on his back, and ran with her to the soldier, who loved her very much, and wished that he had been a prince, so that he might have her for a wife.
The dog did not observe how the flour ran out of the bag all the way from the castle wall to the soldier’s house, and even up to the window, where he had climbed with the princess. Therefore in the morning the king and queen found out where their daughter had been, and the soldier was taken up and put in prison.
Oh, how dark and disagreeable it was as he sat there, and the people said to him, „To-morrow you will be hanged.“ It was not very pleasant news, and besides, he had left the tinder-box at the inn. In the morning he could see through the iron grating of the little window how the people were hastening out of the town to see him hanged. He heard the drums beating, and saw the soldiers marching. Every one ran out to look at them, and a shoemaker’s boy, with a leather apron and slippers on, galloped by so fast, that one of his slippers flew off and struck against the wall where the soldier sat looking through the iron grating.
„Hallo, you shoemaker’s boy, you need not be in such a hurry,“ cried the soldier to him. „There will be nothing to see till I come; but if you will run to the house where I have been living, and bring me my tinder-box, you shall have four shillings, but you must put your best foot foremost.“ The shoemaker’s boy liked the idea of getting the four shillings, so he ran very fast and fetched the tinder-box, and gave it to the soldier. And now we shall see what happened.
Outside the town a large gibbet had been erected, round which stood the soldiers and several thousands of people. The king and the queen sat on splendid thrones opposite to the judges and the whole council.
Image: Paul Hey (1867 – 1952)The soldier already stood on the ladder; but as they were about to place the rope around his neck, he said that an innocent request was often granted to a poor criminal before he suffered death. He wished very much to smoke a pipe, as it would be the last pipe he should ever smoke in the world.
The king could not refuse this request, so the soldier took his tinder-box, and struck fire, once, twice, thrice, and there in a moment stood all the dogs. The one with eyes as big as teacups, the one with eyes as large as mill-wheels, and the third, whose eyes were like towers.
„Help me now, that I may not be hanged,“ cried the soldier. And the dogs fell upon the judges and all the councillors; seized one by the legs, and another by the nose, and tossed them many feet high in the air, so that they fell down and were dashed to pieces.
„I will not be touched,“ said the king. But the largest dog seized him, as well as the queen, and threw them after the others. Then the soldiers and all the people were afraid, and cried, „Good soldier, you shall be our king, and you shall marry the beautiful princess.“
So they placed the soldier in the king’s carriage, and the three dogs ran on in front and cried „Hurrah!“ and the little boys whistled through their fingers, and the soldiers presented arms. The princess came out of the copper castle, and became queen, which was very pleasing to her. The wedding festivities lasted a whole week, and the dogs sat at the table, and stared with all their eyes.
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Interpretations
Adaptions
Summary
Linguistics
„The Tinderbox“ is a fairy tale written by Hans Christian Andersen, a Danish author who is best known for his popular stories like „The Little Mermaid,“ „The Ugly Duckling,“ and „The Snow Queen.“ The story was first published in 1835 and is one of Andersen’s earliest works.
The plot revolves around a soldier who encounters an old witch while returning home from war. The witch instructs him to descend into a hollow tree to retrieve a magical tinderbox in exchange for unlimited wealth. Inside the tree, the soldier finds three chambers guarded by large dogs with eyes as big as saucers, teacups, and towers, respectively. Each dog guards a chest filled with coins: copper, silver, and gold.
The soldier takes the tinderbox and the coins, but he refuses to give the tinderbox to the witch. Instead, he kills her to keep the magical object for himself. After discovering the tinderbox’s ability to summon the three dogs to do his bidding, the soldier uses the magical item to accumulate wealth, power, and love.
As with many fairy tales, „The Tinderbox“ has elements of magic and fantasy, such as the magical tinderbox and the monstrous dogs with oversized eyes. These elements serve to engage the reader’s imagination and convey moral lessons or deeper meanings, as discussed in the interpretations provided earlier.
„The Tinderbox“ is not only a story about ambition, love, and redemption, but it also reflects the socio-economic and political realities of Andersen’s time. The tale touches upon themes such as social mobility, class differences, and the power dynamics between commoners and the nobility, which were relevant issues in the 19th-century Europe.
„The Tinderbox“ by Hans Christian Andersen can be interpreted in several ways. Here are a few possible interpretations:
The power of desire and ambition: The story highlights the soldier’s strong desire for wealth, power, and love. His ambitious nature allows him to overcome challenges and take risks, ultimately leading him to find fortune and happiness. This interpretation suggests that ambition and desire can be powerful driving forces in one’s life, leading to success and fulfillment.
The consequences of greed: While the soldier’s ambition leads him to wealth, it also puts him in dangerous situations. His excessive desire for money and power eventually lands him in prison, facing execution. This interpretation warns against the dangers of greed and the potential negative consequences of pursuing material wealth at any cost.
The importance of resourcefulness and cleverness: Throughout the story, the soldier demonstrates resourcefulness and cleverness in dealing with various challenges, such as outsmarting the witch, the dogs guarding the treasure, and even the king and queen. This interpretation suggests that using one’s wit and intelligence can be more valuable than physical strength or social status in overcoming obstacles and achieving success.
The transformative power of love: In the beginning, the soldier’s main goal is to gain wealth and power. However, upon seeing the princess, his desires shift, and he becomes determined to be with her. This newfound love changes the course of his life and ultimately leads to his redemption. This interpretation highlights the power of love to transform and redeem individuals, guiding them towards a better path in life.
Social mobility and the challenges of class: The story illustrates the soldier’s journey from a humble background to a wealthy and respected position. However, his low social status initially prevents him from being with the princess. The king and queen’s opposition to their union underscores the challenges of social mobility and the prejudices that can arise from class differences. The soldier’s eventual triumph can be seen as a commentary on the potential for individuals to break through societal barriers and achieve success despite their origins.
„The Tinderbox“ has been adapted in various forms over the years, including in literature, film, television, and theater. Here are some notable adaptations:
„The Tinder Box“ (1961): This animated adaptation was produced by the Russian film studio Soyuzmultfilm. It was directed by Ivan Ivanov-Vano and is notable for its colorful and whimsical animation.
„The Tinderbox“ (1990): This British television adaptation was part of the „Fairy Tale Theater“ series and starred British actor Ben Kingsley as the voice of the narrator. It was directed by Jim Henson and featured puppetry and live-action sequences.
„The Tinderbox“ (2000): This musical adaptation was created by the composer Frank Loesser and premiered at the New York City Opera. It features a score that blends classical, operatic, and contemporary styles.
„Tales of Hans Christian Andersen“ (1952): This Danish film anthology includes a segment based on „The Tinderbox,“ directed by Charles Vidor. It stars Farley Granger as the soldier and is notable for its colorful and imaginative visuals.
„The Tinderbox“ (2013): This animated short film was produced by the National Film Board of Canada and directed by Regina Pessoa. It is a dark and atmospheric retelling of the story, featuring a unique visual style inspired by the Portuguese art form of „needle painting.“
„The Tinderbox: Soldier of Indira“ (2015): This young adult novel by author Lou Diamond Phillips is a science fiction retelling of „The Tinderbox.“ It features a female protagonist and a futuristic setting, with elements of adventure and romance.
These are just a few examples of the many adaptations of „The Tinderbox“ that have been created over the years, demonstrating the enduring popularity of Andersen’s classic fairy tale.
„The Tinderbox“ is a fairy tale by Hans Christian Andersen about a soldier who discovers a magical tinderbox that allows him to summon three powerful dogs with gigantic eyes. After returning from war, the soldier meets a witch who tells him about a tree with a hidden chamber full of riches, guarded by three dogs. She asks him to retrieve an old tinderbox for her, and in return, he can take as much treasure as he wants. The soldier takes gold, silver, and copper coins, as well as the tinderbox, but refuses to give it to the witch. He kills her and takes the tinderbox with him to a nearby town.
The soldier discovers that the tinderbox has the power to summon the three dogs, who obey his commands. He uses the dogs to become wealthy and live a luxurious life. Eventually, he learns about a beautiful princess locked away in a castle due to a prophecy that she will marry a common soldier. He uses the dogs to see the princess, and they fall in love. However, the king and queen track down the soldier, who is arrested and sentenced to hang.
On the day of his execution, the soldier uses the tinderbox to summon the dogs, who help him escape and overthrow the king and queen. The soldier and the princess marry, fulfilling the prophecy, and they live happily ever after with the help of the magical tinderbox and the dogs.
Hans Christian Andersen’s „The Tinderbox“ utilizes language and narrative devices that are characteristic of fairy tales, yet it also includes unique elements that give depth to its storytelling.
Here’s a detailed linguistic analysis of the fairy tale:
Narrative Structure
The story follows a linear narrative typical of fairy tales, beginning with a soldier’s return from war and culminating in his unexpected rise to power. The chronological progression of events is straightforward and punctuated by repetitive structures that aid in maintaining the story’s rhythm and predictability. This repetition is visible in the structure of the three chambers and the progressive interaction with the dogs in each.
Characterization and Dialogue
The characters are somewhat archetypical: the soldier (protagonist), the witch (antagonist), and the princess (object of desire). Dialogue is used sparingly yet effectively to reveal character intentions and to drive the plot forward. For example, the witch’s offer to the soldier sets the stage for the core conflict and adventure. The dialogue is direct and simplistic, reflecting the oral storytelling tradition.
Descriptive and Vivid Imagery
Andersen employs vivid and imaginative imagery, particularly in his descriptions of the dogs with their unusually large eyes („as large as teacups,“ „as big as mill-wheels,“ „as big as towers“). This hyperbolic imagery evokes a sense of wonder and sets the fantastical tone representative of fairy tales. The abundance of gold, silver, and copper conveys the allure of wealth, a common motif in stories involving quests and magical interventions.
Motifs and Themes
Greed and Temptation: The promise of wealth attracts the soldier, leading him to undertake the witch’s tasks.
Power and Social Mobility: The story quickly shifts from a soldier’s impoverished state to his eventual reign as king, emphasizing themes of social fluidity, where an individual’s fortunes can change dramatically.
Magic and Supernatural: The tinderbox and the magical dogs are central to the narrative, displaying how magical objects often solve human dilemmas in fairy tales.
Justice and Retribution: The witch’s death and the upheaval of traditional authority (the king and queen) at the hands of the soldier serve as a fantastical form of justice, where the protagonist overcomes oppressive power structures.
Language and Tone
Andersen’s language is concise and straightforward, which is typical of fairy tales meant for a wide audience, including children. The tone balances between whimsical and darkly humorous, particularly evident in the soldier’s casual attitude toward violence and the absurdity of the situations he finds himself in (such as the execution scene).
Symbolism
The Tinderbox: Represents hidden power and potential. It symbolizes the unknown opportunities that can drastically change one’s fate.
The Dogs: Symbolize strength and loyalty, pivotal in securing the soldier’s ascendancy.
Cultural and Societal Reflections
Embedded within the narrative is a reflection on societal hierarchies and the desire to transcend one’s initial status. The soldier’s rise from poverty to royalty fulfills a common fairy tale promise that virtue (or cleverness) can be rewarded with wealth and power.
In conclusion, „The Tinderbox“ employs classic fairy tale tropes with Andersen’s own stylistic flair — particularly in terms of rich imagery and a subversive plot — to engage readers in a story that, while rooted in fantasy, comments on universal human desires and societal constructs.
Information for scientific analysis
Fairy tale statistics | Value |
|---|---|
| Translations | DE, EN, DA, ES, FR, IT, NL |
| Readability Index by Björnsson | 30.3 |
| Flesch-Reading-Ease Index | 80.9 |
| Flesch–Kincaid Grade-Level | 6.9 |
| Gunning Fog Index | 9.7 |
| Coleman–Liau Index | 7.2 |
| SMOG Index | 8.6 |
| Automated Readability Index | 6.9 |
| Character Count | 14.975 |
| Letter Count | 11.357 |
| Sentence Count | 147 |
| Word Count | 2.908 |
| Average Words per Sentence | 19,78 |
| Words with more than 6 letters | 307 |
| Percentage of long words | 10.6% |
| Number of Syllables | 3.640 |
| Average Syllables per Word | 1,25 |
| Words with three Syllables | 128 |
| Percentage Words with three Syllables | 4.4% |
